Cetapin XR 1000mg Tablet is a medication used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It contains Metformin Hydrochloride as its active ingredient. The "XR" stands for "extended release," indicating that the tablet is designed to release the medication gradually over time, ensuring a prolonged therapeutic effect. Active Ingredient: Metformin Hydrochloride (1000mg): A biguanide class of antidiabetic agent that helps control blood glucose levels. Uses: Cetapin XR 1000mg Tablet is primarily used for: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: To help control blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes, often in combination with diet and exercise. Mechanism of Action: Reduces Hepatic Glucose Production: Metformin decreases the production of glucose by the liver, helping to lower blood sugar levels. Improves Insulin Sensitivity: Enhances the body’s response to insulin, promoting better glucose uptake by cells. Decreases Intestinal Glucose Absorption: Reduces the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestines, contributing to lower blood glucose levels. Advantages of Extended Release (XR) Formulation: Steady Release: Provides a consistent release of medication, helping to maintain stable blood glucose levels throughout the day. Reduced Gastrointestinal Side Effects: May decrease the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and diarrhea, which are commonly associated with immediate-release formulations. Common Side Effects: Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort) Risk of lactic acidosis (rare but serious condition, particularly in individuals with renal impairment or other contraindications) Weight loss or weight neutrality Vitamin B12 deficiency (with long-term use) Precautions: Renal Function Monitoring: Should be used with caution in patients with impaired kidney function. Regular monitoring of renal function is recommended. Contraindications: Not recommended for individuals with severe renal disease or metabolic acidosis. Lactic Acidosis Risk: Although rare, lactic acidosis is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention, especially in cases of dehydration or severe infection. Dosage and Administration: Dosage: The dosage of Cetapin XR 1000mg Tablet is determined by the healthcare provider based on the patient’s medical condition and response to treatment. It is generally started at a lower dose and gradually increased. Administration: Typically taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects and improve absorption. The tablet should be swallowed whole, without crushing or chewing. Advantages: Provides effective control of blood sugar levels with the convenience of an extended release formulation, which helps in maintaining stable glucose levels over an extended period. May improve patient adherence due to the reduced frequency of dosing compared to immediate-release forms.